Iron Condor

In such volatile times there will always be opportunities to make a profit and plenty of opportunities to lose more.One industry that has been thriving is the spread betting industry. Whilst there is currently a ban on shorting financial stocks, investors are still enjoying the ability to buy and sell indices like the FTSE 100, thousands of other stocks and shares, forex markets, crude oil, gold etc. etc. Naturally many investors like the fact that there are no commissions or brokers fees and that spread betting profits are tax free*. That is all well and good. Although at this point I should mention that spread betting is not a one way street, it carries a high level of risk to your funds. You can lose more than you initially invest. It does not suit all investors. In short, you should only speculate with funds that you can afford to lose. And, like the adverts say, ‘ensure you understand the risks and seek independent financial advice if and when necessary’.The above pros and cons are not the only considerations in today’s volatile market.For the investors across the world there are further important considerations:1) Am I trading on a stable platform? If I need to make a trade or close one now will the platform be up and running or down for ‘essential maintenance’?2) Are my funds safe? Or if the company in question goes bankrupt do I lose everything I have on deposit?3) What happens if I trade on a particularly volatile day? How can I reduce my downside?These are questions you should be asking yourself in order to help minimise your risks.Most of the big, established spread betting companies answer these questions quite well. For example, IG Index recently reported, “during one week in October we took over 700,000 trades in a period of high volatility, but our platform was 100% reliable with absolutely no downtime”What about my funds on Deposit? FinancialSpreads.com, IG Index and the other established firms segregate your funds in a designated account. The account is ring-fenced from trading activities and covered by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme to make sure your money is safe. What happens if I trade on a particularly volatile day? How can I reduce my downside?Again, the spread betting companies have moved on from the days of ‘if you lose, unlucky’. The firms now offer a variety of options. FinancialSpreads.com, for example, attaches a Stop Loss to every single opening trade you make. So if your trade goes wrong your bet will be closed out when the market hits the Stop Loss. It should be noted that Stop Losses are not guaranteed, eg if the market gaps then your trade will be closed at the next level the market trades at.One of the ‘relatively new’ companies, ShortsandLongs, has gone one step further and attached a Guaranteed Stop Loss to every single opening trade you make. I say ‘relatively new’ because ShortsandLongs is a new service but operated by Spreadex. Spreadex is an established operator that has been in the market since 1999.The Guaranteed Stop Loss works just like a Stop Loss. If your trade does not go according to plan it will be closed out when the market hits the Guaranteed Stop Loss. However, if the market gaps then your trade will still be closed at the level of the Guaranteed Stop Loss, not the next traded level.A number of companies, now offer Guaranteed Stop Losses. The trade off is often a slightly larger spread however that can be worth the peace of mind (and…reduced risk).In such volatile times there will always be opportunities to make a profit and plenty of opportunities to lose. Make sure you are not losing money for the wrong reasons.* Tax law can change and/or may be different if you pay tax in a jurisdiction outside the UK.

Your stocks are crashing and your real estate value is eroding all at the same time. Even commodities are tanking. These are some of the greatest ways Americans have accumulated wealth up until now. So what’s a trader or investor to do?

Learn to trade the “recession proof” market – the Currency (Forex) Market!

For instance, it’s been no secret that the number of unemployed in the U.S. is growing rapidly.

650,000 Job Losses Expected to be Reported on Friday! 

This is also causing an enormous spike in the unemployment rate. See its chart below. Previously the unemployment rate had jumped up to a whopping 7.6%. However, on Friday this is expected to come in at 7.9%.

The Unemployment Rate goes Parabolic!

Learn how to Make Money from Fundamental Trends!

It’s extremely unfortunate what is happening in America. I bleed “red, white and blue”. However, I can’t change this fundamental trend in place. This will be up to forces that are much bigger than me: the government, the Fed, the Treasury, etc.

However, until they can get this turned around (and that will take some time), we can profit from the fundamental trend that has unfolded.

As economies have gotten hit hard in the U.S. and around the world, money has run to what it feels are “safe havens”. Since the dollar is the world’s reserve currency AND it had been beaten down for years, back to back…money ran there for shelter from this “economic storm” and that trend continues to this day.

For the last year, the rise of the dollar has been one of the few “upward trending” games in town, even when you look to just about every market out there: stocks, real estate, commodities, etc. In fact, it’s breaking out to new highs even now! How many financial instruments anywhere can boast that right now? Very few!

Two Steps to Making Gains in the Forex Market!

So while your stocks and real estate are perishing for now, you need something to buffer these blows with. That’s where the forex market comes in. It’s one more way you can diversify your portfolio and also get into trades that are heading higher NOW and not months or years from now.

How do you delve into this market? I’d say there are two steps to take before you “go live” in this market.

1. Get Educated about this market. I’m always amazed at the people that delve into any trading market with NO education. Would you try this at plumbing, brick laying, being a doctor or a lawyer? Of course not! Yet, people delve into this arena with “experienced traders” and expect to profit just as they do. They are simply dreaming. What they need is an education to “learn the ropes”. Anyone can afford to get an education in currencies these days. Why? Because we’ve made it “online” so that you can take it in your spare time AND made it to where it only costs $25 so that everyone can afford it.

2.Get a “real time”, free demo account. When I first learning how to trade stocks, I never had this awesome option. However, in currencies you do. It comes with FREE real time quotes and charts that you can trade off of. Your trades go onto demo servers, so you literally don’t risk 1 cent but yet you get to learn the ropes by gaining experience in trading this market. 

Once you’ve gotten your low cost education and you are implementing what you’ve learned by using the demo account, after about 30 days you will be ready for the final step – “Going Live”.

You should start with a micro or mini forex account. Deposit at least $300 to $3,000 to get started and you’re “up and running”…trading this “recession proof market” and helping your future by making gains NOW rather than just sitting idly by while your stocks, commodities and real estate continue to dwindle before your eyes.

Take these steps and it will help you to stop the downward spiral of your net worth and to do something proactively about it today.

Sean Hyman

Head Course Instructor

My Wealth

The key to successful automated Forex trading is having a forex system that’s suitable for you and you being familiar with it. It’s a mistake to believe that having a trading system is enough to avoid losses. Even the best and most expensive trading systems have their losses.But for many Forex traders an automated trading system is the answer. Forex systems will avoid the most common mistakes made by new traders and earn profits that they would unlikely earn trading manually. It’s true that Forex Expert advisors open new ways to trading Forex with automation and ease, but oftentimes new investors experience frustration when trying to find the right trading system.Let’s review 7 things to avoid in Forex Expert Advisors:

A downside is that automated Forex trading is truly popular over the internet, which is a good and a bad thing at the same time.  The good thing is that getting an automated system is easy, and you have a wide range of trading options; the bad thing is that the chances of finding scams are higher too. Make sure you have a solid money-back guarantee for the purchase before you go ahead.If you had bad experience with an automated system before try to get rid of the idea that all Forex trading programs are scams. Don’t stop looking for the ideal trading software for you. Be patient and keep looking. Be determined to find the best Forex Expert Advisor there is and suits your level of expertise and trading style.

 

Humans are hard wired in life to succeed and by definition we measure success by successful achievements. When people try their hand at stock market trading they try use the same measurement and inevitably become stuck in a loop of jumping from system to system tweaking this and that and eventually giving up.

This brings us to what in my opinion is one of the principle causes for the 90%ers of Net-Losers-United which Holy Grailism. The average loser comes up with a good system, however irrespective of win rate all systems can and will go through strings of losses. What will the average spread better do when faced with the inevitable, a succession of trades going against them? They lose faith, dump their system, and go looking for a new one. Not everybody will agree with me on this, but I am firmly convinced that a good, robust system, a system that is aligned with how markets work, would have worked in the day and age of Jesse Livermore just as well as today. Reminiscences of a stock operator is what taught me trading, and that book is a hundred years old. I do not think that markets change, simply because humans don’t change, and humans are the ones that drive markets, be it discretionally or through computer models that humans wrote, it’s always a human at the end of the day that influences what happens. Markets just simply are not predictable… Why are markets not predictable? Because Markets are nothing else than the collective result of all their participants actions… Actions driven by hope, fear and greed, on what will happen next. There is no inner logic to markets, there is no system to markets, and there is no secret explanation to price development… Anything can happen at absolutely any time if somebody influential gets a brain fart and shares that with the media, or if a large enough order pushes a market in a direction opposed to what your clever analysis would have you believe should happen next… Markets are simply constantly being pushed to and fro by the diverging interests of all their participants, all following their own agenda. A market is nothing else than a conglomeration of huge numbers of participants all following totally different objectives… You have hedgers, you have speculators. You have fundamental traders, you have technical traders. You have scalpers, day traders, swing traders, position traders. You have participants that see the same price levels, yet for some the price is too high, for others it’s too low…etc Every participant in the markets has a different perceptive, different objectives, and different risk parameters. That is why the notion of predictable markets which follows some inner system is nonsense, and that’s why the search for the Holy Grail to unlock the hidden market secrets is a quest best left to the 90% of net losers. The market is composed not of an inner logic or system that is separate from its constituting participants, no, a market is nothing but the sum of its constituting participants, each of whom has his own agenda, doing his own thing. Anybody who honestly believes that markets do what technical analysis says they should do next should just watch Mr Soros buy 10 Billion Euros and see what happens to all their clever analysis.In fact you can generate a random chart of anything, and that chart will look exactly like a real chart of a real instrument! Anybody who honestly believes that a chart of a real instrument will look different than its random counterpart has just never looked at a random chart. BUT, where academia gets it wrong, is that randomness of markets absolutely does not mean you cannot profitably trade them. Random charts have tradeable trends just like all charts do. The real problem is that people like to believe that they are clever, and that they can, through their cleverness, analyse situations, come up with the correct answer, and solve problems. Ego dictates that people have a real need to believe that success is their very own achievement, while lack of success is usually attributed to circumstances beyond their control. Look, we know that trading has nothing to do with being right… Brett Steenbarger says ‘…As a rule, maximizing batting average/minimizing drawdown comes at the cost of lowering overall system profitability….’ Why do people still insist on wasting time, money and effort on solving problems that do not exist, on trying to outwit what cannot be outwitted, markets that are nothing else than the sum of all our actions ? There is no pattern that tells you what will happen next, BUT you do not need that to make more money than you can ever spend. Stop chasing the holy grail, stop believing that if you just keep on studying markets you will one day be able to predict what happens next, you do not need to feel that you understand price to get rich. Markets can go up, down or sideways, that is all they do. All you need to make a fortune is to do what any kid in kindergarten could do, grab a chart, eyeball where the path of least resistance is, jump on board, cut your losses when and as they occur, and otherwise ride that trend all the way until it bends. Trading is nothing than a probability game. You create your positive expectancy not through predicting markets. You create your net profitability through your preferred combination of risk / reward ratios and win rate, through either on average letting your winners run longer than your losers with a lower win rate, or by cashing in smaller winners than losers albeit with a higher win rate. That is all trading is, it’s not about being right, it’s about making money by understanding that it’s just a numbers game. Next time someone tells you they have a great new system that’s going to beat the markets just give Mr Soros a call and tell him to buy ten billion worth of EUR/USD while watching your friends pipe dream go up in smoke. Like Exile says, trading is simple, maybe not easy, but simple.KISS!

Off-floor trader Rick Redmont gained his first experience trading stocks as a college student during the bull market of 1961. “I had $10,000, which turned into $20,000. I followed the Chartcraft (Inc.) point and figure book-but it didn’t really matter what you bought. The only thing that made you mad was if your friend’s stock went up more than yours did.”
“Then in 1962, I started losing. The reason I was losing was because the stock market wasn’t going straight up anymore,” Redmont explained. “I turned $10,000 into $20,000 and $20,000 into $2,000.” Redmont jokes that his family members gave him books for Christmas that year with title like I was a teenage bankrupt. However, Redmont was spurred on by his financial setback. “I decided anything that had the potential to double my money and lose it all was worth learning about,” he said.
He launched into a study of “almost everything that has been written from 1900 to date” on trading and technical analysis. After graduate school, Redmont joined the brokerage business and remained a broker until several years ago, when he broke away to trade for his own account. One of the books Redmont read early on was the classic Technical Analysis of Stock Trends, by Edwards and Magee.
However, Redmont thought “intellectually, if it’s this easy-if all you have to do is look at head and shoulders, triangles and rectangleseverybody would be rich!”
Through his exhaustive reading of the materials available on financial markets and trading, Redmont happened upon a course offered by the Stock Market Institute that really hit home for him. “It is all based on the work of Richard D. Wyckoff. It teaches you how to use real point and figure charts and the origin was from floor traders back in the 1800s.”
“It teaches you the relationship of volume and price and point and figures. From there, I really learned how to understand how the market operates,” Redmont continued. Tbough he added, “I spent three years on this.” Additionally, Redmont notes that he enrolled in an Elliott wave course offered by C. Ralph Dystant and learned about an indicator called %D. Now, Redmont calls himself strictly a technical trader. “I use Wyckoff, I use Elliott, and the indicator I use is fast %D.”
Currently, Redmont trades “about 98% OEX options.” Redmont trades on an intraday basis, though he does hold positions overnight but overall, he tends to be a short-term trader. Throughout the day Redmont monitors five minute charts, 30-minute charts and 60-minute charts. “I look for divergences between the Dow, the OEX and the S&P (500).”
“I look at different time periods. I look at the premium. I look at the advance/decline line on a five minute basis and tick volume,” Redmont added. While Redmont bases his trading primarly on Wyckoff’s volume theories, he admits “there is no system. It’s total discretion-it’s as good as I am. I keep it simple. I buy calls and I buy puts. I don’t spread them. I just want to know what direction it is going.” Redmont champions Wyckoff’s volume theories saying “it works because it is the market. You are analyzing the law of supply and demand,” he explained.
To further explain a basic premise of Wyckoff’s volume theory, Redmont gives a simple example. “You are looking at a stock. It trades 10,000 shares and goes up one point on the first day. The same thing happens on the second day. On the third day, it trades 20,000 shares and goes up 1 point. On the fourth day, it trades 40,000 shares and goes up half a point. On the fifth day, it trades 80,000 shares and is unchanged.”
“On the third day, you had to exert twice as much effort to get the same result (as the first day),” Redmont noted. “The key to analyzing supply and demand is that the demand side burns itself out. There is no pressing reason, except being caught short, why someone should buy something. But, there are a million reasons to sell something.”
“When the buying is through and satisfied-there is always supply there. That’s why prices go down faster-because supply is always there and demand is not. All you have to do is withdraw people who want to buy and prices fall.”
While Redmont primarily trades OEX options, he believes that Wyckoff’s volume theories are just as applicable to the futures markets. “What difference does it make if you are analyzing the S&P or sugar or cotton or the Japanese yen-the analysis is the same,” he said. In his trading, Redmont notes he does monitor the size of market’s corrective retreats and rallies. “As (Fibonnaci numbers) became more popular, the markets started connecting 61.8% and 38.2%. Today, very rarely do they correct 50%.”
Based on work by Fibonnaci, many technical analysts have speculated that financial markets tend to move in sequences that can be measured by these numbers-including 61.8% and 38.2%. However, Redmont said, “these things work in the markets because people use them-it’s not because it’s mystic, or in plant life, or in the pyramids.” For example, in watching the markets, Redmont said, “if you have a move up and you have a correction, you want volume to drop off and you want that to fall into a 61.8%.”
While Redmont notes that Wyckoff theory works for him, he suggests potential traders read two books-Market Wizards and The New Market Wizards, by Jack Schwager. “Read them with one purpose in mind-to understand that there are 40 people who were successful doing different things.” When asked what some of the characteristics he believes are necessary to successful futures trading, Redmont answered, “dramatic concentration powers to understand the markets and to spend the time learning the niche of whatever it is they do.”

Now, let’s consider stock and stock options for a moment. Consider the ubiquitous XYZ Corp., currently trading at $95 per share on 2/1/03. If you pay $4 per share for a March call on 100 shares of XYZ at the $100 strike price, you have acquired the right to buy 100 shares of XYZ for $100 per share, any time before the third Friday in March. This cost you $400, plus commissions.
If XYZ is investigated for “irregular accounting practices” (the equivalent of discovering a toxic waste spill in the backyard), the share price may drop to $50. The call you paid $400 for is probably worth about $20. You’ve lost nearly 100% of your investment, and I wouldn’t count on getting it back. But you’ve only lost $400.
Imagine if you had owned 100 shares of XYZ stock. What was worth $9500 yesterday is now worth $5000. That’s a loss of $4500! Sure, you can wait for the stock to recover — there’s no time limit with stock.
The call, on the other hand, will expire worthless (or you’ll sell it for next to nothing) in a few weeks, but would you rather lose $400 or $4500? Would you prefer to hang on for years, waiting for XYZ to double in price so you can break even, or would you rather accept your $400 loss and move on to the next opportunity?
On the other hand, suppose XYZ announces that they’re coming out with the world’s first odorless, tasteless, wireless, weightless, invisible widget (the diamond mine in the rose garden). The stock jumps to $150. Now your call is worth about $6500. Not bad for a $400 risk.
Imagine if you had owned 100 shares of XYZ stock. What was worth $9500 yesterday is now worth $15,000. Awesome. But look at the percentages. The stock increased 58%. Incredible. A gain of $5500. But the call increased a whopping 1525%. A gain of $6100. Of course, these numbers are fictitious, unrealistic, and tailored to make a point.
Stocks don’t usually move like that. People rarely discover toxic dumps or diamond mines. But the point is that options move with the underlying, while costing you less and having a fixed, limited risk. Time is the one factor that is against you with options. It is the one gotcha you have to watch out for when buying options.
Selling Options
Now, let’s look at the same events from the seller’s viewpoint. First, let’s suppose that the seller of the XYZ call also owns 100 shares of XYZ stock. This is known as a covered call. It is considered a conservative options position. Many IRA accounts that will not even let you buy a call or put will still let you sell a covered call against stock you own.
So, our call seller owns 100 shares of XYZ and sells a call against it. The irregular accounting practices investigation is announced and the stock plummets. The seller is stuck holding a stock that just lost nearly half its value. The one consolation is that the call premium, the $400 received for selling the call, is his to keep. Very little consolation, actually.
Holding stock has inherent risks, as the last few years has made abundantly clear. Selling the call put cash in his pocket, independent of the risk of holding the stock. In fact, had he held the stock, and not sold the covered call, he would have been $400 worse off.
Given the same 100 shares of stock and one short (meaning he sold) call, let’s examine the diamond mine scenario. Here the stock shoots up over 50%. This is the part that makes call sellers very sad indeed. Instead of having a 50% increase in his stock, he has the $400 premium.
The call buyer is surely going to exercise his option to call the stock away from him at the strike price. That is, the call seller will have to sell his stock for $100, since that’s what the strike price of the call is, even though the stock is now worth $150. He sold, for $400, his right to enjoy that big move.
But that is an emotional loss, not a financial one. He still sold his stock at the anticipated price, and pocketed the $400 option premium, as well. The fact that the stock climbed above his strike price is disappointing, but not a loss of money.
Sometimes the stock goes up just a little, or hovers near the strike price. If the stock goes up to $102, the call seller sells a $102 stock at the $100 strike price, but has still pocketed $4 per share on the call, and still ends up ahead. If the stock is at or below $100 on expiration day, the short call expires worthless, and the call writer has both the stock AND the $400 option premium. He can then write another call against the stock.
Naked Options
Now let’s look briefly at the result of selling naked calls. In this scenario, the call writer simply sells the call and does not own any of the underlying stock to cover the short call. If the stock plummets, the call writer is very happy and relieved.
The premium of $400 is his to keep, and no one will be knocking on his door asking to buy the stock for $100 per share, since it is available on the open market for $50. It’s his ideal scenario. Actually, any stock price at or below the strike price will be in his favor.
However, here’s a very bad scenario. The call writer sells short a naked call. And the stock leaps 50%. He’s got big problems. Somebody’s going to want to buy XYZ from him for $100 per share, just as the option contract states.
But he doesn’t own any shares of XYZ. So he now has to go to the open market and buy 100 shares at the current market price, which is $150 per share. He took in $400 of premium and now has to cover is with a $15,000 stock purchase, for which he will only receive $10,000. He loses $4600 ($10,000 – $15,000 + $400). Not a happy ending.
Do NOT even consider selling naked calls. Your broker probably would not allow you to anyway. However, until you really know what you are doing, don’t sell naked puts either. When the bottom drops out of a market, naked put holders get very, very badly hurt. They are forced to pay high prices for low priced stock. You do NOT want to be in this position!
An option gives you something called leverage. Leverage is when you are able to control a large amount of money with a small investment. Each option contract lets you control 100 shares of stock for far less than the cost of buying those shares. But leverage is not the best reason to trade with options.
True, with the leverage that options afford you, you stand to risk less and make more, assuming things move in your favor AND in your time frame. Remember the expiration date! You have traded leverage for limited shelf life. If things don’t move your way soon enough, you lose. So, what is the main reason to trade options? Spreads!

Options are one of the oldest trading vehicles man has ever used. Around a 1000 B.C Aristotle Thales predicted by the stars that there would be a bumper olive harvest and bought options on the use of olive presses.
When the harvest did in fact prove to be a great harvest Thales was able to rent the presses at a significant profit.
When you buy an option you have the right but not the obligation to buy (call) or sell (put) a specific underlying asset at a prearranged price on or before a given date.
Similar to futures, options can give the holder protection against adverse price moves.
Call options when bought allow you to buy an asset at a fixed price (strike price) on or before a specific exercise date.
Exercise date: some options can only be exercised on a particular date and they are commonly know as European options. Options that can be exercised on or before the due date are commonly known as American options).
A Put options is the reverse of the call option. When you buy a put option it gives you the right but not the obligation to sell an underlying asset at a predetermined date.
Now let’s look briefly at the result of selling naked calls. In this scenario, the call writer simply sells the call and does not own any of the underlying stock to cover the short call. If the stock plummets, the call writer is very happy and relieved.
The premium of $400 is his to keep, and no one will be knocking on his door asking to buy the stock for $100 per share, since it is available on the open market for $50. It’s his ideal scenario. Actually, any stock price at or below the strike price will be in his favor.
However, here’s a very bad scenario. The call writer sells short a naked call. And the stock leaps 50%. He’s got big problems. Somebody’s going to want to buy XYZ from him for $100 per share, just as the option contract states.
But he doesn’t own any shares of XYZ. So he now has to go to the open market and buy 100 shares at the current market price, which is $150 per share. He took in $400 of premium and now has to cover is with a $15,000 stock purchase, for which he will only receive $10,000. He loses $4600 ($10,000 – $15,000 + $400). Not a happy ending.
Do NOT even consider selling naked calls. Your broker probably would not allow you to anyway. However, until you really know what you are doing, don’t sell naked puts either. When the bottom drops out of a market, naked put holders get very, very badly hurt. They are forced to pay high prices for low priced stock. You do NOT want to be in this position!
An option gives you something called leverage. Leverage is when you are able to control a large amount of money with a small investment. Each option contract lets you control 100 shares of stock for far less than the cost of buying those shares. But leverage is not the best reason to trade with options.
True, with the leverage that options afford you, you stand to risk less and make more, assuming things move in your favor AND in your time frame. Remember the expiration date! You have traded leverage for limited shelf life. If things don’t move your way soon enough, you lose. So, what is the main reason to trade options? Spreads!

Owning stock has only two, maybe three, possibilities. The stock goes up. Or the stock goes down. Or, as a third possibility, it does a little of both. If you buy a stock, all you want it to do is go up.
If you sell a stock short or close a position (or consider buying it and then decide not to , all you want it to do is go down. I call this one-dimensional trading. You’re long, you’re short, or you’re flat. Your gains and losses travel up and down the number line you may remember from elementary school in lock step with the movement of the stock. Not only that, but it takes a big move to make a big profit. And a big move against you can mean a big loss. Potentially all the way down to zero.
You need to add a second dimension to your trading. You need more choices than picking a direction and hoping you are right. You need to limit your losses, improve your returns, and increase your flexibility. You need options.
For many people, options are something to avoid, being dangerous, complex, and scary. I would like to introduce you to the joy of options. Any time you think you want to buy a stock, I’d like to get you in the habit of first looking at how you could do more with less using options.
In the stock and commodities markets, the type of option we just described would be known as a call. A call typically represents 100 shares of a stock. In the commodities markets, a single option contract represents a single futures contract. (For simplicity, from this point forward, I will talk about options on stock. Just remember that the same discussion applies to options on futures.)
Owning a call gives the owner the right to buy 100 shares (usually) of the underlying stock at the agreed upon strike price at or before the expiration date. (I say “usually” 100 shares because, due to splits or acquisitions, there are times when an options contract may represent something other than 100 shares.) Selling a call gives the seller the obligation to sell, if asked, 100 shares of the underlying stock at the agreed upon strike price any time up until the expiration date.
The other kind of option is called a put, and it is exactly the same as a call with one simple difference. A put gives the owner the right to sell 100 shares (again, usually) of the underlying stock at the agreed upon strike price at or before the expiration date. You can think of a put as insurance. No matter how badly the stock price crashes, having a put means that you can sell your stock for the strike price. On the flip side, selling that put means you may be obliged to buy stock at far more than its current market price.
An important distinction to always keep in mind: Buying an option gives you rights. Selling an option gives you obligations. Buying an option cannot cost you more than what you pay for the option. Selling an option can cost you far more than what you receive for selling the option.
Let’s examine the terminology of calls and puts. The underlying is the actual instrument such as a stock or commodity that is being represented by the options contract. In the real estate example, the house would be the underlying. Options are said to be derivatives because their value is directly tied to or derived from that of the underlying. An option has no meaning without an actual asset underlying it. It is the right to buy or sell that underlying asset that gives the option a reason for being and some value.
The strike price is the agreed upon price for which the underlying can be bought or sold under the terms of the option contract. In the real estate example, the strike price was $100,000. The expiration date, obviously, is the date when the option expires. The day after expiration, an option is worthless. This is the single most important fact about options that you must remember. This is why your friends think you are crazy for your interest in options. Unlike a stock, which you can hold forever, an option has a clearly defined shelf life.
One term remains, and that is the premium. The premium is what you pay for the option, when you are the buyer. Or what you receive for an option, when you are the seller. In our real estate example, the premium was $500. That’s what it cost you to hold the right to buy the house any time in that thirty-day period. The last day of the thirty-day period would, again, be the expiration date.
We have barely scratched the surface. I say that not to intimidate you, but to make you realize that you only have enough knowledge to be dangerous to yourself. Please do not think that you are ready to go out and buy calls or place spread trades. You are not. You don’t know how an option moves relative to moves in the price of the underlying. You don’t know what time does to the value of an option. You don’t know what volatility is or how it plays into option prices. You don’t know the types of spreads or what they are used for.
Please, please get yourself better educated before you start putting money into option trades. Resist the temptation to buy some cheap options, just to try it out. This is expensive education. There are plenty of advantages to trading options, but it’s still a ruthless market, happy to take your money, your wallet, and your hand if you give it an opportunity. Learn the rules of the game before you put money on the line.
Trading options can be satisfying, rewarding, stimulating, and fun. I invite you to add another dimension to your trading by including options to your repertoire.

If you are a long premium options trader, volatility is a necessary element to be successful.  If volatility is lacking, time decay (Theta) will make this financial instrument a challenging (or even more challenging) one.  These days, volatility is not lacking.  In fact, volatility is thriving.  For a long premium options trader, there is nothing like having market tailwinds to benefit your options strategy.With a market that has gained 20% since March 9th bottoms and is down over 3% intra-day today (as of time of publish), 2009 has obviously been an extremely volatile year thus far.  This year seems to be even more volatile than 2008, which by our calculations, was the highest level of consistent daily volatility in decades.  In 2009, there have been a multitude of sessions that have seen stocks rally or fall by a significant percentage.  It seems almost commonplace that the Dow Jones Industrial Average is up or down at least one percent.

Volatility can be defined in many ways (i.e. implied volatility, statistical volatility, etc.) – in this analysis we look at volatility by the number of occurrences the Dow Jones Industrial Average rallied or declined by one percent or more on a closing basis in a trading day.  More specifically, we looked at the absolute return for the Dow Jones Industrial Average for each day going back to 1928. We then calculated the number of occurrences (and the percentage) that the Dow Jones Industrial Average finished up or down more than one percent in a given year.   

Below is a graph of the percentage of days out of each year that saw a market move of one percent or more.  Two items that stand out are (1) the increase in volatility has soared since 2006 (from 10% to 64%) and (2) the current level of volatility only rivals the early 1930’s when volatility peaked at 74%.

Ok, so you want to dabble in the stock market. Unfortunately, you don’t know how and where to begin. So what do you do?

Well, the first relevant thing to do is ask the basic question of what is a stock and its significance.

A stock symbolizes ownership of a company. Some view stock as certificates. So the more stocks a person owns of a particular company, the more of the company they own. And the more the company they own, the bigger the influence they have in running the company. This is called equity investment.

The next thing to do is familiarize yourself with financial terms such as ‘price-earnings ratio’, ‘margin’, ‘option’, ‘earnings per share’ and ‘leverage’.

Then, it’s on to knowing where and how to actually buy stocks.

There are two ways to buy stocks:

1. brokerage service
2. online exchanges (e.g. banks)

Exchanges are services that allow investors to access stocks all over the world. Here, they can buy and sell stocks without the need for a broker. Certain banks allow you to set up your own stock portfolio and buy and sell stocks online using the money you have in these banks.

Brokerage services are rendered by brokers. These middlemen do all the work for you. They research the stock market, give advice, and buy and sell stocks according to the wishes of their clients. These brokers earn a commission from the stocks bought or sold.

Once you have chosen how to buy and sell stocks, the next thing to do is to open an account. As stated earlier, exchanges allow you to monitor and control your stock portfolio personally. If you choose to enter the stock trade with a bank, then ask your bank the specifics of setting up your own account.

If you choose to trade stocks via a broker, find a reputable broker and ask them to open and manage an account for you.

After you have successfully set up an account, it’s time to study the stock market and plan your strategy: will you be conservative in investing your money? Or will you be aggressive? Are you in it for the long term? Or are you a day trader?

After you have identified your plan, it’s time to do some research on the stocks offered in the market. Having a broker will significantly make it easier for you as they will do the research and give you advice. But, it is still best to study the market yourself.

Be warned though, the stock market is volatile. Be prepared for a roller-coaster ride.